Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

5.1K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
5.1K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

4.9K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.9K
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

22.0K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
22.0K
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

23.0K
Overview
23.0K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

7.1K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete sequencing of medaka genomes reveals the architecture of centromeric satellites, giant mobile elements, and sex chromosomes.

Genome research·2026
Same author

Transcriptionally Informed Nucleosome Profiling of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Predicts Breast Cancer Recurrence.

Cancer research communications·2026
Same author

Design of Analytical Methods for Protein Adsorption Characteristics at Material Interfaces.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Diagnostic performance of droplet digital PCR for KRAS mutation analysis in pancreatic cancer cytology specimens.

Journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Plasma Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Outcomes of FOLFIRI Plus Ramucirumab in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The JACCRO CC-16AR Trial.

Targeted oncology·2026
Same author

Internalized Evolutionary Inertia on Body Plan Evolution.

Evolution & development·2026
Same journal

Large-scale discovery and annotation of substructure patterns in mass spectrometry profiles.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Salmonella SopB suppresses post-transcriptionally regulated cytokine release to reduce early tissue inflammation and delay disease progression.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

A human-specific microRNA controls the timing of excitatory synaptogenesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

An HMA-like integrated domain in the wheat tandem kinase WTK4 recognises an RNase-like pathogen effector.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Learning regularities in noise engages both neural predictive activity and representational changes.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The H3K4 methyltransferase KMT2D is an essential cofactor for GATA1 at erythroid gene enhancers.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

9.5K

Centromere evolution and CpG methylation during vertebrate speciation.

Kazuki Ichikawa1, Shingo Tomioka1, Yuta Suzuki1

  • 1Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan.

Nature Communications
|November 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centromeres evolve rapidly in non-acrocentric chromosomes, contributing to genome diversity and vertebrate speciation. These regions show conserved positions but unique sequence compositions, driving evolutionary divergence.

More Related Videos

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.7K
Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos
07:16

Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: August 18, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

9.5K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.7K
Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos
07:16

Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: August 18, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Centromeres and structural variants are key drivers of genome diversity and speciation in vertebrates.
  • Medaka fish, derived from isolated subpopulations, provide a model for studying speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform de novo genome assembly of three inbred medaka strains to investigate centromere evolution during speciation.
  • To analyze the conservation, evolution rate, and methylation patterns of centromeres.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing for long-read genome assembly.
  • Generated three chromosome-mapped genomes and identified twenty-two centromeric regions.
  • Employed methylation-sensitive SMRT sequencing to analyze DNA methylation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Assembled three high-quality medaka genomes (~678–744 Mbp) with detailed centromeric regions (20–345 kbp).
  • Demonstrated positional conservation of centromeres among strains and across duplicated chromosomes from ancient whole-genome duplication.
  • Revealed faster evolution of centromeric monomers in non-acrocentric chromosomes compared to acrocentric ones.
  • Identified hypermethylated centromeres with hypomethylated sub-regions acquiring unique sequences independently.

Conclusions:

  • Centromere evolution, particularly in non-acrocentric chromosomes, significantly contributes to vertebrate speciation.
  • Conserved centromere positions alongside independent sequence evolution highlight mechanisms of genome divergence.
  • Differential methylation patterns in centromeric sub-regions may play a role in generating unique sequence compositions during speciation.