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Primate archaeology evolves.

Michael Haslam1, R Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar2, Tomos Proffitt3

  • 1Primate Archaeology Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. mahaslam@gmail.com.

Nature Ecology & Evolution
|November 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Archaeology now includes non-human animals, expanding beyond humans. Primate archaeology reveals past behaviors of apes and monkeys, offering new insights into early hominin tool use and ending archaeology's human-centered focus.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Primate Behavior
  • Archaeology

Background:

  • Traditionally, archaeology focused solely on humans and their ancestors.
  • Recent advancements apply archaeological methods to non-human animal material evidence.
  • Primate archaeology investigates past non-human tool use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in primate archaeology.
  • To explore how studying primate tool use informs understanding of early hominin behavior.
  • To broaden the scope of archaeology beyond an anthropocentric view.

Main Methods:

  • Combining field surveys of wild primate activity areas with ethological observations.
  • Conducting excavations and analyses to reconstruct past primate behavior.
  • Comparative analysis of tool use across primate lineages.

Main Results:

  • Expanded the archaeological record to include Old World macaques and New World capuchin monkeys, in addition to chimpanzees and humans.
  • Demonstrated universal tool selection, transport, and discrete site formation among wild stone-tool-using primates.
  • Identified that wild capuchins create stone artifacts resembling early hominin tools.

Conclusions:

  • Primate archaeology provides crucial insights into behavioral evolution in apes and monkeys.
  • This research enhances the interrogation of early hominin tool use records.
  • The field signifies a shift towards a more inclusive animal archaeology, moving past its anthropocentric era.