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An invasive herbivore structures plant competitive dynamics.

Lydia Wong1, Tess Nahanni Grainger2, Denon Start1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2.

Biology Letters
|December 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive aphids drastically reduced native aphid populations and increased milkweed plant mortality. These invasive species also intensified competition between native plants, altering community dynamics.

Keywords:
aphidcompetitionherbivoryinvasive speciesmilkweedspecies interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology

Background:

  • Species interactions are fundamental to ecological communities.
  • Invasive species introduction can disrupt native species interactions and community dynamics.
  • These disruptions can occur through direct impacts or indirect alterations of native species competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct and indirect effects of an invasive aphid herbivore.
  • To assess the impact on a native aphid species and two native milkweed host species.
  • To understand the role of indirect effects in shaping native community responses to invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental assessment of invasive aphid herbivore impacts.
  • Quantification of direct effects on native aphid populations and host plant mortality.
  • Evaluation of indirect effects on interspecific competition between native plant species.

Main Results:

  • The invasive aphid caused a 10-fold decrease in native aphid populations.
  • Invasive aphid presence led to a 30% increase in native milkweed plant mortality.
  • Interspecific competition between the two native plant hosts was significantly intensified.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive species can profoundly alter native community structure through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
  • Indirect effects, such as altered competition, are a critical but understudied aspect of species invasions.
  • Understanding these indirect effects is crucial for predicting and managing invasive species impacts on native ecosystems.