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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Phase-field modelling of gravity-capillary waves on a miscible interface.

A Vorobev¹, A Ivantsov², T Lyubimova²

¹Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. A.Vorobev@soton.ac.uk.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter

|December 1, 2017

Summary

Interfacial diffusion damps shorter gravity-capillary waves between miscible liquids. Surface waves intensify mixing, especially for slowly miscible fluids with weak diffusion.

Keywords:

Topical issue: Non-equilibrium processes in multicomponent and multiphase media

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Interfacial phenomena
Thermodynamics

Background:

Gravity-capillary waves occur at liquid interfaces.
Miscible liquids undergo interfacial diffusion.
Phase-field models simulate mixture evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate gravity-capillary waves in slowly miscible liquids.
Analyze the effect of interfacial diffusion on wave dynamics.
Determine the influence of surface waves on mixing.

Main Methods:

Direct numerical simulations.
Phase-field modeling of binary mixture evolution.
Analysis of harmonic perturbations on a horizontal interface.

Main Results:

Classical dispersion relations for immiscible interfaces are reproduced with negligible diffusion.
Interfacial diffusion introduces dissipation, damping shorter waves.
Surface waves enhance mixing, particularly in slowly miscible systems.

Conclusions:

Interfacial diffusion acts as a damping mechanism for gravity-capillary waves.
The presence of surface waves accelerates the mixing process.
The interplay between waves and diffusion is crucial for understanding miscible fluid interfaces.