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Contraception in adolescents with intellectual disability.
Filipa Raquel Pereira Nunes1, Fabiane Amaral das Neves1, Fernanda da Purificação Bento Geraldes1
1a Department of Gynaecology , Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
Summary
Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) frequently need gynecological consultations for contraception, with combined oral contraception being the most prescribed method. The transdermal patch is also notably used in this population.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Adolescent Medicine
- Intellectual Disability Services
Background:
- Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) have unique healthcare needs, including reproductive health.
- Understanding reasons for gynecological consultations and contraceptive prescribing patterns in this population is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the reasons for first gynecological consultations in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID).
- To compare contraceptive prescribing patterns, indications, adverse effects, and compliance between adolescents with and without ID.
- To assess pregnancy rates and sexual abuse occurrences in both groups.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study involving 200 adolescents with ID and 200 controls without ID.
- Data collected included reasons for consultation, prescribed contraceptive methods, and medical indications.
- Outcomes assessed included adverse effects, compliance, unintended pregnancies, and sexual abuse.
Main Results:
- Need for contraception and abnormal uterine bleeding were more frequent reasons for consultation in adolescents with ID.
- Contraception was prescribed in 80% of both groups; combined oral contraception was most common, with a higher prevalence of the transdermal patch in the ID group.
- No unintended pregnancies occurred in the ID group, compared to 5% in the control group.
Conclusions:
- Contraception is a primary driver for gynecological consultations among adolescents with ID.
- Combined oral contraception and the transdermal patch are key methods used in adolescents with ID.
- Effective contraception may reduce unintended pregnancies in adolescents with ID.
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