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Cardiovascular Disease in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Daniela Sofia Martins Pinto1, Manuel Joaquim Lopes Vaz da Silva1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|December 1, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV patients appears 10 years earlier due to virus, ART, and aging. Understanding and managing CVD risk factors in HIV is crucial for patient health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has improved Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patient outcomes.
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death in HIV-infected individuals, exacerbated by aging and viral effects.
  • HIV and its treatments contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of CVD in HIV infection.
  • To examine factors driving atherosclerosis in HIV patients.
  • To explore the role of CVD in acute coronary syndrome within the HIV population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science up to March 2017.
  • Used MeSH terms including "human immunodeficiency virus" and "cardiovascular disease."
  • Included studies on ART and cardiovascular/coronary heart disease.

Main Results:

  • Clinical CVD manifests approximately 10 years earlier in HIV-infected individuals compared to the general population.
  • HIV-associated CVD pathogenesis is complex, involving traditional risk factors, immune activation, chronic inflammation, and ART-related metabolic disorders.
  • Chronic inflammation and immune activation are key contributors to accelerated atherosclerosis in HIV.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing cardiovascular risk in HIV patients is an emerging medical priority.
  • Targeting and treating CVD predisposing conditions in HIV-infected individuals is essential.
  • Proactive cardiovascular risk management is vital for improving long-term health in the HIV population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)atherosclerosiscardiovascular risk.

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