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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
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Clinical Management: Metastatic Disease.

Andrew H Ko1

  • 1From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|December 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Systemic chemotherapy, including FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine with albumin-bound paclitaxel, are frontline treatments for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Newer regimens offer options for patients progressing to second-line therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Oncology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Metastatic pancreatic cancer necessitates systemic therapy, often with noncurative intent.
  • Chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality for advanced disease.
  • Standard first-line options have evolved based on survival benefit data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current systemic therapy standards for metastatic pancreatic cancer.
  • To discuss emerging treatment options and future therapeutic directions.
  • To highlight the role of clinical factors in treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of phase III studies comparing chemotherapy regimens.
  • Analysis of US Food and Drug Administration approvals for second-line treatments.

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  • Discussion of clinical considerations guiding therapy selection.

    • Main Results:

    • FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus albumin-bound paclitaxel are established frontline standards.
    • Nanoliposomal irinotecan combinations are approved for second-line treatment.
    • Performance status, age, and organ function guide therapy choices.

    Conclusions:

    • Current treatment selection relies on clinical parameters rather than validated molecular predictors.
    • Future research focuses on targeting the tumor microenvironment and DNA damage repair.
    • Combination immunotherapies represent an area of novel therapeutic development.