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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Development of a Multifaceted Health Disparities Curriculum for Medical Residents.

Ashley H Noriea1, Nicole Redmond, Rebekah A Weil

  • 1University of Chicago Section of General Internal Medicine.

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PubMed
Summary

Developing a health disparities curriculum for resident physicians is feasible. This longitudinal program overcame barriers, improving resident preparedness and skills in caring for vulnerable populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Disparities Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Health disparities education is crucial for resident physicians.
  • Program directors face barriers implementing disparities curricula.
  • Few successful disparities curricula are documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Describe the development and implementation of a longitudinal health disparities curriculum.
  • Provide resources for other residency programs to adopt similar curricula.
  • Evaluate the early outcomes of the implemented curriculum.

Main Methods:

  • A six-step model for curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation was used.
  • Feasibility was assessed by program cost, time, and resident engagement.
  • Outcomes included session delivery, resident preparedness, attitudes, and skills.

Main Results:

  • The curriculum was developed and implemented in under a year with no external funding.
  • Residents provided 84 free clinic sessions for uninsured patients.
  • Residents reported increased preparedness and skills in caring for vulnerable patients.

Conclusions:

  • A health disparities curriculum can be successfully designed and implemented.
  • Cited barriers to disparities education can be overcome.
  • Educational outcomes for caring for vulnerable patients can be improved.