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Customized surface-guided knee implant: Contact analysis and experimental test.

Ida Khosravipour1, Shabnam Pejhan1, Yunhua Luo1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated a new surface-guided knee implant design, finding that its contact stresses are below the failure limits of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene during daily activities. The design shows promise for improving patient mobility after total knee replacement.

Keywords:
Fuji filmSurface-guidedcontact pressurepolyethylenesimulationstress analysistotal knee replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Contact pressure and stresses on tibial components in total knee replacement (TKR) can lead to ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear and fatigue.
  • Evaluating new TKR designs for mechanical performance and wear resistance is crucial for improving patient outcomes and longevity of implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the stress distribution and contact pressures of a novel surface-guided knee implant design.
  • To evaluate the design's mechanical performance under various physiological loading conditions, including level walking, stair ascending, and squatting.
  • To compare finite element analysis (FEA) results with experimental data from pressure-sensitive film tests.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element modeling (FEM) was employed to simulate contact pressures and stresses on the tibial component during simulated daily activities.
  • Two distinct constitutive material models were utilized for the tibia component to investigate the influence of material properties on stress distribution.
  • Contact pressure data from FEA were validated against experimental measurements obtained using pressure-sensitive film.

Main Results:

  • The average contact pressures in all simulated activities remained below the established material limits for UHMWPE.
  • Peak von Mises stresses were recorded at 16.28 MPa (90° flexion) and 29.55 MPa (120° flexion), both below the UHMWPE fatigue failure limit of 32 MPa.
  • FEA-derived average contact pressures for 90° and 120° flexion were 5.51 MPa and 5.46 MPa, respectively, showing good agreement with experimental values (5.67 MPa and 8.14 MPa).

Conclusions:

  • The evaluated surface-guided knee implant design demonstrates favorable mechanical performance, with stresses and pressures within safe limits for UHMWPE.
  • The implant's design facilitates kinematics closer to natural knee motion, particularly at higher flexion angles relevant to activities like squatting.
  • This design holds potential for enhancing daily living activities and addressing limitations associated with current total knee replacement technologies.