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Competition02:34

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Social behavior-induced multistability in minimal competitive ecosystems.

D Melchionda1, E Pastacaldi1, C Perri1

  • 1Dipartimento di Matematica "Giuseppe Peano" via Carlo Alberto 10, Università di Torino, Torino 10123, Italy.

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Summary

This study introduces minimal models for population interactions, revealing that competition can lead to tristability, challenging the competitive exclusion principle and allowing for coexistence. Mathematical models explore population dynamics under various interaction types.

Keywords:
Competitive exclusionEcosystemsGroup gatheringPredator-preySymbiosisTristability

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding population interactions is crucial in ecology.
  • Minimal models simplify complex ecological systems for analysis.
  • Previous models often assume exclusive outcomes for competing species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and analyze minimal models of coordinated population behavior.
  • To investigate population dynamics under mutualism, predation, and competition.
  • To explore the conditions for population coexistence and extinction.

Main Methods:

  • Development of minimal mathematical models for population interactions.
  • Analysis of system equilibria to determine population outcomes.
  • Investigation of stability properties, including asymptotic stability and Hopf bifurcations.

Main Results:

  • Symbiotic populations achieve global asymptotic stability.
  • Predator-prey systems exhibit Hopf bifurcations.
  • Competition models demonstrate tristability, where populations can coexist, one can dominate, or both can disappear, challenging the competitive exclusion principle.

Conclusions:

  • Minimal models effectively capture key dynamics of population interactions.
  • The principle of competitive exclusion is not universally applicable, particularly in competition scenarios.
  • Tristability in competition offers new insights into ecological dynamics and species coexistence.