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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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JAK/STAT - Emerging Players in Metabolism.

David W Dodington1, Harsh R Desai1, Minna Woo2

  • 1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway regulates metabolism but is dysregulated in obesity and metabolic disease. This review highlights JAK/STAT

Keywords:
JAKSTATdiabetesmetabolismobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic signaling pathways
  • Cellular communication in metabolism
  • Endocrinology and metabolic regulation

Background:

  • The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) pathway mediates signals from key metabolic hormones and cytokines.
  • Dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is implicated in obesity and metabolic disorders.
  • Animal models have elucidated the role of JAK/STAT signaling in metabolic organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function of JAK/STAT proteins in metabolic regulation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes based on JAK/STAT signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on JAK/STAT pathway in metabolism.
  • Analysis of data from animal models investigating JAK/STAT signaling in peripheral metabolic organs.

Main Results:

  • JAK/STAT pathway plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis.
  • Specific JAK/STAT components are implicated in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and pancreatic function.
  • Immune system modulation by JAK/STAT signaling impacts metabolic health.

Conclusions:

  • The JAK/STAT pathway is a key regulator of metabolism and a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
  • Targeting JAK/STAT signaling offers promising avenues for treating obesity and diabetes.