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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
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Colloidal shuttles for programmable cargo transport.

Ahmet F Demirörs1, Fritz Eichenseher2, Martin J Loessner2

  • 1Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. ahmet.demiroers@mat.ethz.ch.

Nature Communications
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created synthetic colloidal shuttles that mimic biological transport. These shuttles precisely control cargo distribution using electric and magnetic fields for microscale applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Cellular active transport is vital for life, involving complex molecular trafficking.
  • Synthetic systems for cargo control can manipulate microscale chemical gradients and drive processes out of equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synthetic colloidal shuttle system that replicates biological molecular trafficking.
  • To demonstrate precise spatiotemporal control over cargo distribution using external fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing magneto-dielectric particles to construct colloidal shuttles.
  • Employing size-selective dielectrophoretic trapping with electrical fields to load cargo (particles or cells).
  • Transporting loaded shuttles using magnetic field gradients and releasing cargo by deactivating electrical fields.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of colloidal shuttles capable of trapping and transporting cargo.
  • Demonstrated reversible, spatiotemporal control over cargo distribution.
  • Showcased the ability to release cargo at a targeted location.

Conclusions:

  • The developed colloidal shuttles serve as a powerful analog for biological transport systems.
  • This technology offers potential applications in fundamental biological research and advanced technological development.
  • Potential uses include cell culturing, drug discovery, and medical diagnostics.