Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.5K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.5K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.5K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.5K
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

829
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
829
Nociception01:44

Nociception

33.4K
Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
33.4K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.4K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Reduplicative paramnesia: neuroanatomical perspective on a psychiatric phenomenon].

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2026
Same author

[Should carpal tunnel syndrome treatment start with surgery or an injection?]

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same author

Neurological complications of excessive recreational nitrous oxide use: a case series based on a text mining algorithm.

Journal of neurology·2023
Same author

Assessment of Trabecular Bone Score: a 7-year follow-up study in institutionalized adults with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Seizure·2022
Same author

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·2021
Same author

Bone mineral density and fractures in institutionalised children with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2021
Same journal

[Insulin intoxications caused by falsified semaglutide].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[Professional skepticism in medical research].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[Improving mobility in painful osteoarthritis].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[The effectiveness and costs of the Back At work After Surgery (BAAS) work-integrated care pathway on return to work for patients receiving knee arthroplasty].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[The rise of genetic therapies: urgent moral and societal questions].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[A man with a wound on his elbow].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

18.6K

[Nitrous oxide-induced polyneuropathy].

S H P Conjaerts1, J E Bruijnes, K Beerhorst

  • 1Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, afd. Neurologie, locatie Heerlen.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laughing gas (nitrous oxide) abuse can cause nerve damage, specifically polyneuropathy, by depleting vitamin B12. Early abstinence and vitamin B12 treatment can reverse these effects.

More Related Videos

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
09:39

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1

Published on: February 13, 2018

10.1K
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

18.6K
Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
09:39

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1

Published on: February 13, 2018

10.1K
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly known as laughing gas, is increasingly used recreationally for its euphoric effects.
  • While often perceived as harmless, N2O is a known neurotoxin that inactivates vitamin B12.
  • Vitamin B12 is crucial for myelin synthesis, and its deficiency can lead to spinal cord degeneration.

Observation:

  • This report details two cases of young adults presenting with subacute axonal polyneuropathy.
  • The patients, a 17-year-old female and a 19-year-old male, abused laughing gas.
  • Their symptoms included neurological deficits consistent with peripheral nerve damage.

Findings:

  • Laughing gas abuse was identified as the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in both patients.
  • This deficiency led to subacute axonal polyneuropathy, a less commonly recognized complication of N2O abuse.
  • Both patients showed symptomatic improvement after discontinuing laughing gas and receiving vitamin B12 supplementation.

Implications:

  • These cases highlight polyneuropathy as a significant, yet treatable, neurological complication of recreational nitrous oxide use.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention, including vitamin B12 repletion, are critical for managing N2O-induced neurotoxicity.
  • Awareness among healthcare providers about this adverse effect of laughing gas is essential for prompt patient care.