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Pediatric sleep-related respiratory disorders are common and require evaluation of respiratory function during sleep stages. These disorders can impact pulmonary circulation and right heart function.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Cardiorespiratory Physiology
Context:
- Respiratory disorders are frequent in sleeping children.
- Evaluation involves studying respiratory function across sleep stages using neurophysiological criteria.
- Interpretation requires understanding respiratory adaptations in healthy infants during sleep.
Purpose:
- To outline the common causes and implications of respiratory disorders in sleeping children.
- To emphasize the importance of sleep stage-specific respiratory assessment.
- To highlight potential long-term cardiovascular consequences.
Summary:
- Common causes include obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (often due to enlarged tonsils), nocturnal exacerbations of chronic lung diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia), nocturnal asthma, and central alveolar hypoventilation.
- Assessment requires detailed analysis of respiratory function during different sleep stages.
- Understanding normal infant respiratory adaptation during sleep is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Impact:
- Sleep-related respiratory disorders can lead to significant short- and long-term risks.
- These risks include adverse effects on pulmonary circulation.
- Potential for compromised right heart function is a critical concern.
Abstract:
Respiratory disorders that occur in children asleep are frequent. They are evaluated by studying the respiratory function at each stage of sleep, as determined by neurophysiological criteria, and they must be interpreted on the basis of what is known of respiratory adaptation during sleep in healthy infants. Respiratory disorders during sleep may be due to: (1) obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome caused by an obstruction of the upper airways, most frequently by enlarged tonsils; (2) nocturnal episodes of acute on chronic obstructive lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis, sequelae of viral infection, ciliary dysfunction, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia; (3) nocturnal asthma; (4) alveolar hypoventilation of central origin. The short-or long-term risk of respiratory disorders during sleep is their repercussions on pulmonary circulation and right heart function.