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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
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Alpha-defensins (α-Defs) in Crohn's disease: decrease of ileal α-Def 5 via permanent methylation and increase in

E Cerrillo1,2,3, I Moret1,2,3, M Iborra1,3

  • 1Gastroenterology Department, IBD Unit La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Plasma alpha-defensins (α-Defs) 1-3 are elevated in active Crohn's disease (CD) ileitis, correlating with inflammation. Ileal alpha-Defensin 5 (α-Def 5) expression is permanently reduced by methylation in CD patients.

Keywords:
inflammationinnate lymphoid cellsmucosa

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alpha-defensins (α-Defs) show altered expression in Crohn's disease (CD) ileal mucosa and plasma.
  • The specificity and correlation of these α-Def findings with inflammation severity in CD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize plasma and ileal α-Def concentrations in CD.
  • To assess the utility of α-Defs as biomarkers for ileal CD.
  • To investigate potential epigenetic regulation of α-Def expression in CD.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of plasma α-Defs 1-3 and 4 using ELISA.
  • Immunolocalization of ileal α-Def 5.
  • Methylation analysis of the α-Def 5 gene using MassARRAY EpiTYPER.
  • Comparison between patients with active CD (aCD), inactive CD (iCD), healthy controls, and non-CD ileitis.

Main Results:

  • Plasma α-Defs 1-3 were significantly higher in aCD with ileal involvement compared to iCD and controls.
  • Plasma α-Defs 1-3 levels correlated positively with endoscopic index and C-reactive protein (CRP) in aCD.
  • Ileal α-Def 5 expression was significantly reduced in inflamed ileal mucosa of aCD patients.
  • The α-Def 5 gene exhibited higher methylation in CD patients versus controls, irrespective of inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma α-Defs 1-3 are specific biomarkers for ileal CD at diagnosis, correlating with inflammation severity.
  • Ileal α-Def 5 expression is permanently downregulated in CD due to gene methylation.