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An immune-molecular hypothesis supporting infectious aetiopathogenesis of Kawasaki disease in children

Cristina Capittini1, Giacomo Emmi2, Savina Mannarino3

  • 1Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

European Journal of Immunology
|December 2, 2017
PubMed

Insights

CpG-ODN binding to HLA ligands for inhibitory receptors may impair pathogen detection. KD subjects show more HLA ligands for inhibitory KIR, potentially hindering immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) are crucial for immune regulation.
  • CpG-ODN, derived from pathogens, can interact with HLA molecules.
  • HLA-A and HLA-B are major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.

Discussion:

  • Competitive binding of CpG-ODN and HLA ligands to KIR3DL1/2 may disrupt immune surveillance.
  • This interaction could lead to hypo-sensing of pathogens.
  • An overabundance of HLA ligands for inhibitory KIR was noted in KD subjects.

Key Insights:

  • Pathogen-derived DNA (CpG-ODN) competes with self-HLA ligands for inhibitory KIR.
  • This competition may result in reduced immune cell activation and pathogen clearance.
  • KD subjects exhibit an altered landscape of HLA ligands for inhibitory receptors.

Outlook:

  • Further research into KIR-HLA interactions in KD subjects is warranted.
  • Investigating therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway could enhance immune responses.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may offer insights into autoimmune or infectious diseases.
Keywords:
CpG-ODNHLAKiller immunoglobulin-like receptorsNK cellsTLR9

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