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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals.

Valeria Calsolaro1,2, Giuseppe Pasqualetti3, Filippo Niccolai4

  • 1Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56125, Italy. valina82@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Endocrine disruptor compounds interfere with gland function, particularly the thyroid. More research is needed to establish clear guidelines on industrial chemical impacts, especially concerning maternal and child exposure.

Keywords:
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)disrupting compoundhypothalamus pituitary thyroid axisthyroidthyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) are exogenous agents impacting hormonal pathways, including synthesis, metabolism, and receptor binding.
  • Studying EDCs presents challenges due to variable exposure levels, timing, age, and gender-specific effects.
  • The thyroid gland is particularly sensitive to EDCs, highlighting the importance of understanding their impact on thyroid function for overall health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the impact of industrial chemicals on thyroid function.
  • To focus on research concerning maternal and child exposure to endocrine disruptors.
  • To identify gaps in current research and the need for standardized guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies investigating industrial chemical exposure and thyroid function.
  • Examination of research focusing on vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of studies indicate that industrial chemicals can influence thyroid function.
  • Research on maternal and child exposure reveals potential risks, but data is limited.
  • Current studies lack uniformity due to variations in study design, populations, and exposure conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The existing body of research on endocrine disruptors and thyroid function is insufficient for definitive conclusions or uniform guidelines.
  • Further research with standardized methodologies is crucial to address the complexities of EDC impact.
  • Regulatory bodies, like the European Commission, are taking steps to manage identified EDCs, including market withdrawal recommendations.