Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

1.2K
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
1.2K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

626
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
626
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

258
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
258
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

820
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
820
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

2.3K
Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
2.3K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

212
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
212

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatitis.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2025
Same author

The DILI-Inpt Prognostic Score to Identify Hospitalized Idiosyncratic DILI Patients at Risk for Adverse Outcomes.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2025
Same author

Reply to: "Oral bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate rapidly improves copper balance in patients with Wilson disease": Where do we stand with tetrathiomolybdate as a potential treatment for Wilson disease?

Journal of hepatology·2025
Same author

In-Reply to Letter From Xie and Chen.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2025
Same author

In-Reply to Letter From Yang Et al.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:23

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Published on: April 19, 2022

2.9K

Bleeding complications in acute liver failure.

R Todd Stravitz1, Caitlyn Ellerbe2, Valerie Durkalski2

  • 1Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinically significant bleeding is uncommon in acute liver failure (ALF) patients, occurring in only 11%. Bleeding complications in ALF are markers of severe inflammation, not coagulopathy, and indicate a poor prognosis.

More Related Videos

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:11

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 21, 2017

9.2K
Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo
06:23

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Published on: August 4, 2018

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:23

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Published on: April 19, 2022

2.9K
Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:11

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 21, 2017

9.2K
Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo
06:23

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Published on: August 4, 2018

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Patients with acute liver failure (ALF) often exhibit elevated prothrombin time and thrombocytopenia, leading to a perceived bleeding tendency.
  • However, the actual incidence, sources, risk factors, and clinical impact of bleeding complications in ALF have not been well-defined in large patient cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the incidence, sources, risk factors, and clinical significance of bleeding complications in a large cohort of adult patients with ALF.
  • To assess the relationship between bleeding complications and 21-day mortality in ALF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 1,770 adult patients enrolled in the ALF Study Group Registry (1998-2016).
  • Collection of data on bleeding complications and blood component transfusions for 7 days post-admission.
  • Assessment of the association between bleeding complications and 21-day mortality.

Main Results:

  • Bleeding complications occurred in 11% of ALF patients (187/1770), with 84% of spontaneous bleeds originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  • Intracranial bleeds occurred in 20 patients, with mortality significantly higher in those with post-procedural bleeds (50% vs 20%).
  • Bleeding complications were associated with lower platelet counts and were markers of severe extrahepatic organ system failure, not hepatocellular failure; transfusion of any blood component increased 21-day mortality or need for liver transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Clinically significant bleeding is uncommon in ALF, despite coagulopathy.
  • Bleeding complications in ALF are indicators of severe systemic inflammation and portend a poor prognosis.
  • Bleeding is the proximate cause of death in only 5% of ALF cases, but transfusion is associated with increased mortality.