Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

222.5K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
222.5K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.8K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.8K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.5K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.5K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.5K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.5K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.8K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.8K
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

5.6K
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantum Transition Rates in Arbitrary Physical Processes.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Correction to "Synthesis of Reversible Sequence-Defined Oligourethane Macrocycles through Click and Declick Thiol-Amine Conjugation with a Meldrum's Acid Derived Conjugate Acceptor".

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Synthesis of Reversible Sequence-Defined Oligourethane Macrocycles through Click and Declick Thiol-Amine Conjugation with a Meldrum's Acid-Derived Conjugate Acceptor.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Solute flux through a fluctuating membrane channel.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Transition State Theory for Dissociation of Dynamic Bonding Networks.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Droplet growth, Ostwald's rule, and emergence of order in Fused in Sarcoma.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
10:20

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.8K

Communication: Coordinate-dependent diffusivity from single molecule trajectories.

Alexander M Berezhkovskii1, Dmitrii E Makarov2

  • 1Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a generalized model for biomolecular folding, allowing diffusion coefficients to vary with the reaction coordinate. This approach enables direct estimation of effective diffusion coefficients from single-molecule trajectory data.

More Related Videos

Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy
12:15

Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.3K
A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
12:05

A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

Published on: October 1, 2017

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
10:20

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.8K
Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy
12:15

Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.3K
A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
12:05

A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

Published on: October 1, 2017

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • Single-molecule observations of biomolecular folding often rely on simplified diffusion models.
  • High-temporal-resolution data necessitates more sophisticated models beyond constant diffusion coefficients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the 1D diffusion model for biomolecular folding.
  • To develop a method for calculating coordinate-dependent diffusion coefficients.

Main Methods:

  • Assumed Brownian dynamics along a reaction coordinate.
  • Derived an exact expression for coordinate-dependent diffusivity.
  • Utilized splitting probability and mean transition path time.

Main Results:

  • Developed a formula for coordinate-dependent diffusivity.
  • The formula relates diffusivity to splitting probability and mean transition path time.
  • The derived expression is exact for the generalized diffusion model.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized model accurately describes biomolecular folding dynamics.
  • The derived formula allows direct estimation of effective diffusion coefficients from single-molecule trajectories.
  • This work advances the analysis of high-temporal-resolution single-molecule experiments.