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Updated: Feb 17, 2026
Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer
Published on: October 31, 2025
Comparison of 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy with a 2D procedure for gastric cancer: A phase 3 randomized controlled
Chao-Hui Zheng1, Jun Lu1, Hua-Long Zheng1
1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Province, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, China.
Objective:
To determine the relative safety and efficacy of 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy and 2D laparoscopic surgery in patients with gastric cancer.
Background:
There is still a lack of randomized controlled trials regarding the safety and efficacy of 3D versus 2D laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.
Methods:
A large-scale, phase 3, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02327481).
Results:
A total of 438 patients were randomized (3D group: 219 cases; 2D group: 219 cases) between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2016; 19 patients were excluded. Finally, data from 419 patients were analyzed (3D group: 211 cases; 2D group: 208 cases). There were no differences between the 2 groups regarding the operation time (3D versus 2D, 176 ± 35 min vs. 174 ± 33 min, P = .562). The intraoperative blood loss in the 3D group was somewhat less than in the 2D group (61 ± 83 mL vs. 82 ± 119 mL, P = .045). Further analysis suggested that the use of 3D laparoscopic surgery was a protective factor against excessive blood loss (≥200 mL).
Conclusion:
3D laparoscopic gastrectomy did not shorten the operation time compared with 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy, but provided the benefit of less intraoperative blood loss and a lesser occurrence of excessive bleeding than the conventional 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy; the clinical value of the difference is limited.
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