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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis

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Inflammation and fibrosis.

Matthias Mack1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology
|December 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue damage triggers inflammation, influencing regeneration and fibrosis. Immune cells and mediators play key roles in these processes, impacting tissue function and repair.

Keywords:
FibrocytesFibrosisInflammationTissue damage

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tissue damage initiates inflammatory responses that are critical for both regeneration and fibrosis.
  • Inflammation type and polarization are determined by immune cell recruitment and activation following tissue injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathways linking tissue damage to inflammation, fibrosis, and subsequent function.
  • To explore the roles of various immune cells and their mediators in fibrotic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immunological mediators and extracellular matrix production.
  • Analysis of pathways from tissue damage to inflammation, fibrosis, and function.
  • Detailed examination of fibrocytes, including their activation and recruitment.

Main Results:

  • Immune cells like T cells, monocytes/macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, basophils, and eosinophils release pro- and antifibrotic mediators.
  • Extracellular matrix proteins are produced not only by fibroblasts but also by infiltrating hematopoietic cells (fibrocytes).
  • Specific requirements for fibrocytic activation and recruitment are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Immune responses are central to the development of fibrosis following tissue damage.
  • Fibrocytes represent a significant source of extracellular matrix in fibrotic conditions.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for modulating fibrosis and restoring tissue function.