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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
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Concrete finishing starts immediately after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The initial step, screeding, involves leveling the concrete surface by removing excess material to flush it with the formwork's top. Following this, bull float or darby are employed to smooth the surface further, effectively lower high spots, fill low areas, and ensure larger aggregate particles are embedded within the concrete. This preparation is critical before the appearance of bleed water, as its...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Leaving the Bench and Finding Your Foundation.

John E Spiro1

  • 1Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, Simons Foundation,New York, New York 10010.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|December 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Scientists transitioning to biomedical foundations gain broad perspectives and actively catalyze research. These roles offer rewarding opportunities to significantly impact scientific advancement beyond the traditional lab bench.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Foundation Science Management

Background:

  • Scientists transitioning from laboratory research to biomedical foundations play a crucial role in resource mobilization and research focus.
  • These roles involve gaining a comprehensive understanding of a scientific field and interacting with researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles and career opportunities for scientists working within biomedical foundations.
  • To highlight the impact and rewards associated with foundation-based scientific endeavors.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract describes the activities and responsibilities of scientists in foundations, including resource management, research catalysis, and collaboration.
  • It also touches upon the varied nature of job opportunities and required qualifications.

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Main Results:

  • Scientists in foundations acquire broad field views, manage research resources, and actively catalyze scientific progress.
  • They engage with diverse stakeholders, including patient groups, industry, and regulatory bodies.
  • Foundation roles offer varied career paths with potential for significant growth in leadership and impact.

Conclusions:

  • Working in biomedical foundations provides scientists with unique opportunities to broaden their impact and contribute significantly to research advancement.
  • These positions are challenging yet rewarding, particularly for individuals with broad interests and a goal-oriented approach.