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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Epigenetics and Preeclampsia: Programming of Future Outcomes.

Alberto Borges Peixoto1,2, Liliam Cristine Rolo1, Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Rua Belchior de Azevedo, 156 apto. 111 Torre Vitoria, São Paulo-SP, CEP 05089-030, Brazil.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, indicates cardiovascular stress test failure. It may program chronic adult diseases in offspring, suggesting links to epigenetics and immunity.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular systemEpigeneticImmunologyPreeclampsiaRemodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces significant cardiovascular changes, essential for successful outcomes.
  • Hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia suggest inadequate maternal cardiovascular adaptation.
  • Preeclampsia is a polygenic disorder linked to maternal and offspring cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mental health issues later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted aspects of preeclampsia, focusing on its immunological underpinnings and cardiovascular and vascular remodeling.
  • To investigate the potential role of epigenetics and microRNAs in preeclampsia pathogenesis.
  • To understand how preeclampsia may program chronic diseases in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on preeclampsia.
  • Analysis of the interplay between maternal immunity, placental development, and vascular remodeling.
  • Examination of evidence linking epigenetics, microRNAs, and pregnancy complications.

Main Results:

  • Preeclampsia is associated with poor placentation, maternal inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Dysregulated maternal and placental immunity may impair angiogenesis, contributing to preeclampsia.
  • Epigenetic factors and microRNAs are emerging as significant players in preeclampsia.

Conclusions:

  • Preeclampsia represents a failure of cardiovascular adaptation during pregnancy with long-term health implications for both mother and child.
  • Immune dysregulation and impaired vascular remodeling are key features of preeclampsia.
  • Further research into epigenetics and microRNAs is crucial for understanding and potentially treating preeclampsia.