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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, what should we keep in mind?

Pietro Caglià, Silvana Puglisi, Antonino Buffone

    Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia
    |December 3, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroid surgery. Early prediction using parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels can identify patients at risk for permanent dysfunction, guiding management strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrine Surgery
    • Surgical Complications
    • Thyroidology

    Background:

    • Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia are frequent iatrogenic complications of neck surgery, particularly thyroidectomy.
    • Defining and managing these complications remains a challenge in current surgical practice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing literature on hypoparathyroidism following thyroid surgery.
    • To summarize current data on risk factors, diagnosis, and management of post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive analysis of the surgical literature using EMBASE and PubMed.
    • Examination of medical records from 345 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the University of Catania, Italy.

    Main Results:

    • Definitions and incidence rates of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism vary widely in the literature.
    • Key risk factors include extensive surgery, malignancy, neck dissection, autoimmune diseases, and re-operation.
    • Consensus exists on parathyroid gland autotransplantation for nonviable glands.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypoparathyroidism remains a common complication despite surgical advancements.
    • Early postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are valuable predictors of hypocalcemia and long-term dysfunction.
    • Intraoperative preservation of parathyroid glands is crucial for preventing postoperative hypocalcemia.