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Oregano dietary supplementation modifies the liver transcriptome profile in broilers: RNASeq analysis.

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Dietary oregano extract supplementation significantly altered gene expression in broiler chickens, down-regulating genes related to fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling. This suggests potential benefits for reducing fat deposition and managing metabolic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Nutrigenomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intensive broiler farming presents welfare and performance challenges.
  • Plant extracts, like oregano, are explored as dietary strategies to enhance broiler health and meat quality.
  • Limited research exists on oregano's effects on broiler gene expression using advanced techniques like Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of an oregano aqueous extract supplemented diet on the gene expression profile of broiler chickens.
  • To analyze the liver transcriptome using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed genes.
  • To explore the potential nutrigenomic effects of oregano supplementation in broilers.

Main Methods:

  • Broiler chickens were divided into two groups: a control group and a group fed a diet supplemented with oregano aqueous extract.
  • Whole liver transcriptome analysis was performed on 10 birds from each group using the RNA-Seq technique.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify genes with significant expression changes (absolute log fold change >1).

Main Results:

  • One hundred and twenty-nine genes were found to be differentially expressed between the supplemented and control groups.
  • A significant down-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was observed in broilers fed the oregano extract.
  • Genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway were also massively down-regulated in the supplemented group.

Conclusions:

  • Oregano aqueous extract supplementation influences gene expression in broiler livers, particularly affecting fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling.
  • The observed gene expression changes suggest a potential role for oregano in reducing abdominal and visceral fat deposition in broilers.
  • Down-regulation of insulin signaling pathway genes indicates that dietary oregano supplementation could be a potential strategy for managing obesity and diabetes-related conditions in poultry.