Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

24
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
24
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

17
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
17
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

6.7K
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
6.7K
Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

44
The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response...
44
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

5.2K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
5.2K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

1.3K
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oil sands process-affected water impairs feeding by Daphnia magna.

Chemosphere·2017
Same author

Effects of monovalent and divalent metal cations on the aggregation and suspension of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous solution.

The Science of the total environment·2017
Same author

Ecogenomics of Zooplankton Community Reveals Ecological Threshold of Ammonia Nitrogen.

Environmental science & technology·2017
Same author

Influence of blooms of phytoplankton on concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and snails in a hyper-eutrophic, freshwater lake.

Water research·2017
Same author

Tiered probabilistic assessment of organohalogen compounds in the Han River and Danjiangkou Reservoir, central China.

The Science of the total environment·2017
Same author

Organophosphate Esters in Sediment of the Great Lakes.

Environmental science & technology·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes
09:32

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Published on: February 13, 2019

16.4K

The dose makes the poison.

Liang Chen1, John P Giesy2, Ping Xie3

  • 1Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins that may cause liver damage. A recent study on MC-LR carcinogenicity in mice used a flawed, low-dose experimental design, making its conclusions about cancer risk misleading.

Keywords:
Equivalent dosesExperimental designInter-species variationsLow-doseMicrocystinTumor

More Related Videos

Unraveling the Role of Discrete Areas of the Rat Brain in the Regulation of Ovulation through Reversible Inactivation by Tetrodotoxin Microinjections
11:04

Unraveling the Role of Discrete Areas of the Rat Brain in the Regulation of Ovulation through Reversible Inactivation by Tetrodotoxin Microinjections

Published on: September 3, 2020

3.5K
Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster
07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes
09:32

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Published on: February 13, 2019

16.4K
Unraveling the Role of Discrete Areas of the Rat Brain in the Regulation of Ovulation through Reversible Inactivation by Tetrodotoxin Microinjections
11:04

Unraveling the Role of Discrete Areas of the Rat Brain in the Regulation of Ovulation through Reversible Inactivation by Tetrodotoxin Microinjections

Published on: September 3, 2020

3.5K
Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster
07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Hepatotoxicity research
  • Carcinogenesis studies

Background:

  • Microcystins (MCs) are potent hepatotoxins, with MC-LR classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by IARC.
  • Recent research questioned the carcinogenicity of long-term, low-dose MC-LR exposure in mice.
  • Established guidelines for MC-LR exposure exist, such as the WHO's provisional guideline value for drinking water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Critically evaluate the experimental design and conclusions of a recent study on MC-LR and liver tumor development in mice.
  • Assess the validity of low-dose exposure claims regarding MC-LR carcinogenicity.
  • Highlight the need for further research with robust methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the experimental design, including dosage calculations and exposure durations.
  • Comparison of the study's exposure levels to established tolerable daily intake (TDI) and no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL).
  • Review of the interpretation of previous research cited in the criticized study.

Main Results:

  • The MC-LR dose used in the criticized study (0.15μg/kg/d) was approximately 270-fold lower than the NOAEL.
  • The exposure dose was significantly below levels expected to induce liver tumors or promote existing ones, even with long-term exposure.
  • The study likely underestimated inter-species variations in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics between mice and humans.

Conclusions:

  • The conclusions of the recent "Hepatology Research" article are misleading due to a flawed experimental design and inadequate dosage.
  • Further well-designed studies are necessary to definitively determine the carcinogenic potential of microcystins in humans.
  • Clearer definitions of "low-dose" exposure ranges for MCs in both animals and humans are needed.