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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population.

Mary-Powel Thomas1, Gabriela Ammann2, Ellen Brazier3

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|December 4, 2017
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Summary

Doula support programs can reduce preterm birth and low birthweight in underserved communities. This model shows promise for improving maternal and infant health outcomes and addressing birth inequities.

Keywords:
Birth inequitiesDisparitiesDoula supportHealth equityHealthy StartMaternal healthPregnancy and birth outcomesRaceWomen of color

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Health
  • Health Equity
  • Maternal Health Interventions

Background:

  • Women of color in high-poverty areas face disproportionately high rates of adverse birth outcomes.
  • Access to doula support, linked to improved perinatal outcomes, is often limited for these populations.
  • The By My Side Birth Support Program was developed to address these disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the By My Side Birth Support Program on birth outcomes for women in Brooklyn.
  • To assess the effectiveness of doula support as a complementary intervention in maternal health programs.

Main Methods:

  • The By My Side program provided doula support alongside prenatal and postpartum visits to 489 women between 2010 and 2015.
  • Birth outcomes of program participants were compared to those in the broader project area.

Main Results:

  • Program participants experienced significantly lower rates of preterm birth (6.3% vs. 12.4%) and low birthweight (6.5% vs. 11.1%).
  • Cesarean birth rates did not differ significantly between the groups (33.5% vs. 36.9%).
  • Participant feedback highlighted the value of doula support in empowering women during childbirth decisions.

Conclusions:

  • The By My Side program demonstrates doula services as a valuable component in addressing birth inequities.
  • Further research is recommended to understand doula support's influence on birth outcomes in populations facing chronic disease and socioeconomic stressors.