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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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A closer look into deep eutectic solvents: exploring intermolecular interactions using solvatochromic probes.

C Florindo1, A J S McIntosh, T Welton

  • 1Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal. isabel.marrucho@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|December 5, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer green alternatives, but their polarity is key. This study quanties DES polarity using solvatochromic probes, revealing hydrogen bond acceptor structure significantly impacts solvent properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Solvent Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional organic solvents.
  • Understanding the physical properties of DESs, particularly their polarity, is crucial for predicting their solvation behavior.
  • Polarity influences chemical reactions and separations, making it a key parameter for DES applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify the polarity of various DES families using solvatochromic methods.
  • To compare the polarity of DESs with their corresponding ionic liquids (ILs).
  • To elucidate the influence of hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) structures on DES polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UV-vis absorption spectroscopy with solvatochromic probes like Reichardt's betaine dye 33, 4-nitroaniline, and N,N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline.
  • Evaluated Kamlet-Taft parameters (α, β, π*) and ETN values for different DES formulations.
  • Compared polarity metrics between DESs and related ionic liquids.

Main Results:

  • The chemical structure of the HBA in DESs significantly dictates their dipolarity and polarizability.
  • Kamlet-Taft parameters showed minor variations within a DES family but significant differences across families with distinct HBAs.
  • HBD substitution was also identified as an important factor influencing solvatochromic probe responses.

Conclusions:

  • DES polarity is tunable through the selection of HBA and HBD components.
  • The study provides valuable data for selecting appropriate DESs for specific applications based on their polarity.
  • DESs exhibit distinct polarity characteristics compared to conventional ILs, offering unique solvation capabilities.