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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

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Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
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Characterization of Barium Borate Frameworks Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Jafar Gharavi-Naeini1, Kyung W Yoo1, Nathan A Stump1

  • 18672 Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|December 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study used micro-Raman scattering to analyze Sm+2 doped barium borate glasses. Raman peak intensities and frequencies correlate with structural changes and B-O bond lengths in these materials.

Keywords:
Raman scatteringUV-Raman microscopyborate layered frameworkslanthanide spectroscopyultraviolet

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Barium borate glasses doped with Sm+2 are of interest for their optical properties.
  • Understanding the relationship between glass composition and structure is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural evolution of Sm+2 doped barium borate matrices with varying B2O3 content.
  • To correlate Raman spectral features with structural units (BO3 and BO4) and B-O bond lengths.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy using Ar+ laser excitation (364 nm).
  • Analysis of Sm+2 doped 2(BaO)-n(B2O3) matrices (n=4, 5, 8) and 2(BaO)-(Na2O)-9(B2O3).
  • Comparison of Raman data with known barium borate structures.

Main Results:

  • An excellent correlation was observed between BO4/BO3 composition ratios and the intensity ratios of corresponding Raman peaks.
  • A systematic blueshift in Raman frequencies for both BO4 and BO3 groups was noted as 'n' increased from 4 to 9.
  • This shift is attributed to a decrease in B-O bond lengths with increasing n, indicating a transition towards nonaborate structures.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-Raman spectroscopy effectively probes the structural changes in barium borate glasses.
  • The study establishes a link between Raman spectral shifts, B-O bond lengths, and the structural composition of barium borate matrices.
  • Linear relationships were determined between Raman frequencies and B-O bond lengths.