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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Hemostasis in Overt and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism.

Arash Ordookhani1, Kenneth D Burman2

  • 1Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, 20017.

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperthyroidism may cause a hypercoagulable state, increasing venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. However, definitive clinical confirmation of this hemostatic change is still needed.

Keywords:
AutoimmuneBlood Coagulation FactorsFibrinolysisHashimoto DiseaseHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMyxedemaThyroid NeoplasmsThyroiditisVenous Thromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Conflicting data exists regarding hyperthyroidism's impact on hemostasis.
  • Limited population-based studies hinder understanding of clinical implications, particularly venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk.
  • This review examines hemostatic alterations in both overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on hemostatic changes in hyperthyroidism.
  • To evaluate the potential link between hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of VTE.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed using the MEDLINE database.
  • Keywords included hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, Graves disease, goiter, hemostasis, coagulation factors, blood coagulation disorders, VTE, bleeding, and fibrinolysis.
  • Relevant articles linking hyperthyroidism and hemostasis were included.

Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroidism, both overt and subclinical, is generally associated with a hypercoagulable state.
  • This may stem from elevated levels of coagulation factors (e.g., FVIII, FX, FIX, vWF, fibrinogen).
  • Hypofibrinolysis is also observed, indicated by decreased plasmin/plasmin activator or increased PAI-1 and TAFI.

Conclusions:

  • While many studies suggest a hypercoagulable state in overt hyperthyroidism at a biochemical level.
  • The clinical significance of these findings regarding the actual occurrence of VTE remains unconfirmed.