Acid-Assisted Exfoliation toward Metallic Sub-nanopore TaS₂ Monolayer with High Volumetric Capacitance

Conductive porous structures are favorable as active electrode materials for energy storage by boosting the active sites and specific surface area but have been rarely achieved in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, we developed acid-assisted exfoliation for the first time, to successfully exfoliate TaS₂ into very large-sized conductive monolayers with controllable in-plane sub-nanopores. By inducing both interlayer lattice expansion and basal in-plane etching, hydrogen ion, previously regarded disastrous in charged system, was creatively utilized as an efficient and easily accessible assistant in simultaneous exfoliation and controllable structural modification. Benefiting from pore size (∼0.95 nm) matching well with electrolyte ion size, coexistence of ultrahigh conductivity and fast ion transport was achieved in metallic large-sized monolayers. Notably, the as-produced TaS₂-based electrode delivers large volumetric capacitance (508 F/cm³ at scan rate of 10 mV/s) and high energy density (58.5 Wh/L) when fabricated into a micro-supercapacitor. We anticipate acid-assisted exfoliation to be a promising strategy in constructing 2D nanomaterials with novel structure for wide energy applications.