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Single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can affect cognitive processes. Cathodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) disrupted interference processing in the Stroop task, unlike anodal stimulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The impact of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functions in healthy individuals is debated due to inconsistent research findings.
  • Methodological limitations in previous studies investigating tDCS effects on cognitive tasks, such as the Stroop task, necessitate alternative approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of single-session tDCS on cognitive interference processing using an optimized Stroop task.
  • To compare the effects of anodal versus cathodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post design was employed with 32 healthy students.
  • A novel electrode setup was used for tDCS, with a 9 cm² electrode over the left DLPFC and a 35 cm² electrode over the parieto-occipital cortex.
  • The Stroop task was modified to control for confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • A significant effect of single-session tDCS on the Stroop effect was observed in error data.
  • Cathodal stimulation of the left DLPFC disrupted interference processing compared to anodal stimulation.
  • These findings suggest that neuromodulation of the left DLPFC influences interference processing.

Conclusions:

  • Single-session tDCS can modulate cognitive processes, specifically interference processing.
  • The study highlights the importance of rigorous methodological approaches in tDCS research.
  • Observed effects were of small to medium size, emphasizing the need for precise experimental designs.