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Cranial trauma in handgun executions: Experimental data using polyurethane proxies.

Seth C Taylor1, Elena F Kranioti2

  • 1Edinburgh Unit for Forensic Anthropology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Forensic Science International
|December 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ballistic trauma patterns from handgun calibers were studied using Synbone spheres. Entrance wound size correlates with caliber, and higher muzzle velocity increases endocranial beveling.

Keywords:
BallisticsCranial traumaExecutionGunshot woundPolyurethane spheresSynbone

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Ballistics
  • Trauma Analysis

Background:

  • Gun violence presents significant forensic challenges globally.
  • Understanding ballistic trauma patterns is crucial for incident reconstruction and determining manner of death.
  • Handgun projectiles are frequently involved in violent fatalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in ballistic trauma patterns across various handgun calibers and bullet types.
  • To evaluate the utility of Synbone spheres as a proxy for human cranial bone in ballistic impact studies.
  • To establish correlations between projectile characteristics and resulting wound features.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted ballistic experiments using six handgun calibers (.22 LR to .45 ACP) and four bullet types.
  • Utilized Synbone spheres (polyurethane bone proxies) for simulated close-range impacts (30cm).
  • Analyzed entrance wound characteristics, including radius and endocranial beveling, and correlated them with projectile caliber, velocity, and weight.

Main Results:

  • Entrance wound radius showed a positive correlation with caliber size (R=0.846, p<0.05).
  • Increased muzzle velocity led to greater endocranial beveling.
  • Bullet weight did not significantly affect the degree of endocranial beveling in the tested spheres.
  • Observed wound morphologies (fractures, beveling) were consistent with documented forensic cases.

Conclusions:

  • Synbone spheres demonstrate suitability as a model for simulating cranial ballistic trauma.
  • Projectile caliber and muzzle velocity are key determinants of specific trauma patterns.
  • Further research is recommended to validate these findings and expand the scope of ballistic simulation models.