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Related Concept Videos

Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
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One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

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Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells
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Hyaluronan: an overview.

F Abbruzzese1, F Basoli1, M Costantini1

  • 1Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polymer, offers excellent biocompatibility and non-toxicity for diverse biomedical uses. This overview details its chemistry, biochemistry, and medical applications, highlighting its potential in surgery and drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural, linear polysaccharide composed of repeating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine units.
  • It exhibits remarkable physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hyaluronic acid.
  • To discuss its fundamental chemistry and biochemistry.
  • To explore its diverse medical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hyaluronic acid properties and applications.
  • Analysis of chemical structure and biological interactions.
  • Synthesis of information on current and emerging medical uses.

Main Results:

  • Hyaluronic acid's unique properties make it suitable for various biomedical fields.
  • Established applications include osteoarthritis surgery, ocular surgery, and plastic surgery.
  • Emerging applications are significant in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Hyaluronic acid is a versatile biomaterial with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Its favorable biological profile supports its use in advanced medical treatments.
  • Further research into hyaluronic acid applications continues to expand its medical relevance.