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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

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The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment
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Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment

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Pregnancy Around the Clock.

Anke Diemert1, Petra Clara Arck1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
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Summary
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Researchers discovered an

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pregnancy Research
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The maternal immune system undergoes dynamic changes during pregnancy.
  • Understanding these immunological shifts is crucial for monitoring pregnancy health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize an 'immune clock' during pregnancy.
  • To explore the potential of this clock in predicting pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood cells from pregnant women using mass cytometry.
  • Application of a single-cell signaling-based elastic net algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Identification of an 'immune clock' that changes predictably throughout gestation.
  • Demonstration of the algorithm's capability to analyze cellular signaling patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The 'immune clock' offers a novel biomarker for pregnancy status.
  • Further research can validate its use in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.