Recurrent Lactobacillus Bacteremia in a Patient With Leukemia.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology

Background:

• Lactobacillus species are normal human flora, commonly found in the gut and genitourinary tract.
• Lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus, are frequent components of probiotic supplements.
• While generally harmless in immunocompetent individuals, Lactobacillus can cause infections like bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, including those with leukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of recurrent Lactobacillus bacteremia in a patient with leukemia.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by unusual sources of bacteremia.
• To emphasize the importance of considering less common pathogens in fever of unknown origin.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a patient with leukemia experiencing recurrent fever.
• Clinical investigation to identify the source of bacteremia.
• Microbiological analysis to confirm Lactobacillus species.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with multiple episodes of fever of unknown origin.
• Recurrent Lactobacillus bacteremia was diagnosed.
• Despite extensive investigation, the primary source of the Lactobacillus infection remained unidentified.

Conclusions:

• Lactobacillus bacteremia, though uncommon, can manifest as recurrent fever of unknown origin in leukemia patients.
• The source of Lactobacillus bacteremia can be elusive, necessitating thorough and persistent investigation.
• This case underscores the need to consider Lactobacillus as a potential pathogen in specific clinical contexts, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.