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Fruit and vegetable intake and pre-diabetes: a case-control study.

Maryam Safabakhsh1, Fariba Koohdani2, Fariba Bagheri1

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Higher fruit and vegetable intake may reduce pre-diabetes risk. Conversely, increased consumption of dark yellow vegetables was linked to a higher likelihood of developing pre-diabetes.

Keywords:
Case–controlFruitsImpaired fasting glucosePre-diabetesVegetables

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Dietary Patterns

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the association between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and pre-diabetes.
  • Existing studies are often incomplete, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare fruit and vegetable consumption between individuals with pre-diabetes and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between specific subgroups of fruits and vegetables and pre-diabetes risk.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 300 participants (150 pre-diabetic, 150 controls), matched for age and sex.
  • Dietary intake assessed using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
  • Anthropometric data, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose levels were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Lower quartiles of total FV and total fruit intake were associated with increased odds of pre-diabetes.
  • Intake of cruciferous vegetables, other vegetables, and berries showed an inverse association with pre-diabetes.
  • Higher intake of dark yellow vegetables was unexpectedly linked to a greater chance of pre-diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Increased consumption of total fruits and vegetables may be associated with a reduced risk of pre-diabetes.
  • Specific FV subgroups have varying associations with pre-diabetes, highlighting the complexity of dietary influences.