Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

5.7K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
5.7K
Determination01:51

Determination

21.1K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
21.1K
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

30.6K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
30.6K
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

3.2K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
3.2K
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

4.0K
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
4.0K
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

6.4K
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

The ZAT14 family promotes cell death and regulates expansins to affect xylem formation and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

The Plant cell·2025
Same author

PHLOEM EARLY DOF genes are induced within clubroot galls as a consequence of cambial stimulation and vascular reprogramming during Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Journal of experimental botany·2025
Same author

Control of phloem unloading and root development.

Journal of plant physiology·2024
Same author

Plant biology: Managing age-related bursts during leaf development.

Current biology : CB·2024
Same author

New Impact in Numbers and Beyond.

Physiologia plantarum·2023
Same journal

Reconstructing the survival history of relict herbs endemic to the heavy snowfall regions of Japan during the Pleistocene.

Journal of plant research·2026
Same journal

Preliminary phylogenetic insights into Japanese willows (Salix) using low-copy nuclear genes, with emphasis on endemic species.

Journal of plant research·2026
Same journal

Overexpression of the tomato SlLEA_2-26 gene enhances the tolerance todrought and salt stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Journal of plant research·2026
Same journal

Assessing interannual variation in leaf chlorophyll dynamics using optical and destructive methods with mixed-effects and additive modelling.

Journal of plant research·2026
Same journal

Chemical composition, in vitro color reconstruction, and bee vision modeling regarding anthocyanins and other phenolics from the flowers of Petrea macrostachya and Petrea volubilis.

Journal of plant research·2026
Same journal

Coexistence mechanisms for herbaceous plants in arid ecosystems.

Journal of plant research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

11.8K

Phloem differentiation: an integrative model for cell specification.

Bernhard Blob1, Jung-Ok Heo1,2, Yka Helariutta3,4

  • 1Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.

Journal of Plant Research
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding sieve element development in Arabidopsis roots is crucial. This study highlights the need for advanced imaging and single-cell transcriptomics to unravel the rapid differentiation process and its molecular coordination.

Keywords:
AuxinPhloem sieve elementsPlethoraSingle-cell transcriptomics

More Related Videos

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
04:23

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

2.7K
Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System
07:09

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System

Published on: May 10, 2020

5.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

11.8K
Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
04:23

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

2.7K
Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System
07:09

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System

Published on: May 10, 2020

5.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Plant vasculature comprises xylem and phloem sieve elements (SEs), both undergoing specialized differentiation.
  • Arabidopsis root meristem anatomy is stereotypical, with vasculature developing from stem cells.
  • Sieve element development is rapid, with differentiation complete within 20-25 cells, involving organelle loss and nuclear enucleation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the lack of comprehensive understanding of sieve element development in plants.
  • To investigate the molecular coordination between cell division and differentiation during SE development.
  • To explore the role of the PLETHORA (PLT) gradient in phloem development within the root meristem.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced live-imaging techniques for prolonged time-lapse root tip growth captures.
  • Applying single-cell transcriptomic analysis to the sieve element file.
  • Investigating the interplay between the PLETHORA (PLT) gradient and phloem development.

Main Results:

  • Defects in SE development impair auxin transport, affecting root growth.
  • Detailed analyses of stem cell division frequency and enucleation timing are lacking.
  • The rapid SE differentiation and its coordination with meristematic activity require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced live-imaging and single-cell transcriptomics are essential for resolving questions on SE development.
  • Understanding the PLT gradient's role in phloem development is key to explaining rapid SE differentiation.
  • Further research is needed to fully comprehend the molecular mechanisms governing sieve element development and its importance to root growth.