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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Fabrication and Use of MicroEnvironment microArrays MEArrays
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Stem Cell Microenvironments and Beyond.

Alexander Birbrair1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. birbrair@icb.ufmg.br.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell niches, the microenvironments supporting tissue homeostasis, are crucial for regulating cell differentiation. Understanding these niches is key to addressing disorders and advancing regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
MicroenvironmentNicheStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Endogenous stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis through regulated differentiation.
  • Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments that control stem cell behavior.
  • Niche components include cellular interactions, extracellular matrix, soluble factors, and physical forces.

Discussion:

  • The niche critically modulates stem cell behavior across diverse tissues.
  • Advances in technology have identified key cellular and molecular niche components.
  • Niche signals regulate stem cell activation, quiescence, and self-renewal.

Key Insights:

  • Stem cell niches are specific to cell types and guide stem cell dynamics.
  • Understanding niche mechanisms is vital for organogenesis and homeostasis.
  • Altered niche regulation contributes to adult-onset disorders.

Outlook:

  • Further research into complex niche composition and dynamics is needed.
  • Elucidating unknown niche components will advance organ homeostasis and disease understanding.
  • Insights into stem cell niches have significant implications for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.