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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
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Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging
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The Bone Marrow Microenvironment for Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Daniel Lucas1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. dlucasal@med.umich.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The bone marrow microenvironment regulates blood cell production. Key components of the hematopoietic stem cell niche include blood vessels and perivascular stromal cells, which control stem cell numbers and function.

Keywords:
Bone marrowHematopoiesisHematopoietic stem cellNicheNiche heterogeneityPerivascular

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is crucial for regulating blood cell production and maintaining homeostasis.
  • The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is the best-characterized BM microenvironment.
  • The HSC niche is primarily perivascular, with blood vessels and perivascular stromal cells as key regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the bone marrow niche.
  • To discuss the roles of various cell types within the niche.
  • To present evidence for the regulation of HSCs in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cell types within the BM niche.
  • Evaluation of evidence for HSC regulation in vivo.

Main Results:

  • The HSC niche is predominantly located around blood vessels.
  • Blood vessels and associated stromal cells are essential components of the niche.
  • Multiple cell types contribute to the regulation of HSC numbers and function within the niche.

Conclusions:

  • The bone marrow niche, particularly its perivascular components, plays a vital role in HSC regulation.
  • Understanding the cellular composition of the niche is key to comprehending HSC maintenance and function.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interactions within the HSC niche.