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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
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Oral Cancer Stem Cells Microenvironment.

Prajna Paramita Naik1, Prashanta Kumar Panda1, Sujit K Bhutia2

  • 1Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive oral cancer progression and resistance by interacting with their microenvironment. This dynamic interplay shapes tumor heterogeneity and promotes survival, adaptation, and recurrence.

Keywords:
Cancer stem cellOral cancerTumor heterogeneityTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial in oral cancer progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts selective pressures that drive cancer evolution and heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dynamic interplay between CSCs and the TME in oral cancer.
  • To understand how this interaction influences intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing literature on CSCs and TME interactions in oral cancer.
  • Analysis of CSC niche functions, adaptive cellular behaviors, and TME modulation by CSCs.

Main Results:

  • CSCs thrive in specialized niches within the TME, maintaining stemness and enabling tumor re-propagation.
  • TME selective forces induce adaptive cellular behaviors in CSCs, including gene expression alterations, signaling pathway reprogramming, metabolic plasticity, and autophagy.
  • CSCs actively remodel the TME by releasing factors that promote neoangiogenesis, matrix degradation, and immune suppression, creating a pro-tumorigenic environment.

Conclusions:

  • The bidirectional communication between CSCs and the TME is fundamental to oral cancer progression and heterogeneity.
  • CSCs adapt to and manipulate the TME, driving tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance.
  • Targeting the CSC-TME axis presents a potential therapeutic strategy for oral cancer.