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Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Acute pericarditis.

Ville Kytö, Matti Matti Niemelä

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja

|December 6, 2017

Summary

Acute pericarditis, often viral, presents with chest pain. Diagnosis requires specific findings, with anti-inflammatory drugs as first-line treatment and colchicine for recurrence prevention.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Acute pericarditis commonly follows viral infections.
Chest pain concurrent with or following infection symptoms is a hallmark.
Diagnosis relies on identifying two key signs: pericardial chest pain, friction rub, ECG changes, or effusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the typical presentation and diagnostic criteria for acute pericarditis.
To detail recommended first-line and long-term treatment strategies.
To advise on the avoidance of specific medications and activities.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic markers.
Analysis of established treatment guidelines for acute pericarditis.
Evaluation of the impact of certain medications and physical activity.

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Main Results:

Characteristic symptom is chest pain linked to infection.
Diagnosis confirmed by specific clinical and diagnostic findings.
First-line treatment involves 1-2 weeks of anti-inflammatory analgesics.
Colchicine is recommended for preventing recurrent episodes.
Glucocorticoid use is discouraged due to increased recurrence risk.
Physical activity and exercise are detrimental during acute pericarditis.

Conclusions:

Prompt diagnosis of acute pericarditis is crucial.
Standard treatment involves anti-inflammatory analgesics and potentially colchicine for recurrence.
Avoiding glucocorticoids and strenuous activity is advised to improve outcomes.