Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

3.3K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
3.3K
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

282
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
282
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

32
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
32
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

340
Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
340
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

189
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
189
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

316
Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
316

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Process Development for a 1<i>H</i>-Indazole Synthesis Using an Intramolecular Ullmann-Type Reaction.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2023
Same author

Mechanistic Study of Diketopiperazine Formation during Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis of Tirzepatide.

ACS omega·2022
Same author

Solid potential.

Nature chemistry·2021
Same author

Kilogram-scale prexasertib monolactate monohydrate synthesis under continuous-flow CGMP conditions.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor
05:21

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.8K

Continuous flow technology vs. the batch-by-batch approach to produce pharmaceutical compounds.

Kevin P Cole1, Martin D Johnson1

  • 1a Small Molecule Design and Development , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , IN , USA.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly adopting continuous manufacturing for small molecule drugs due to its technical and economic benefits over batch processing. This review explores the advantages, challenges, and future outlook of continuous drug substance manufacturing.

Keywords:
Active pharmaceutical ingredientcontinuous manufacturingcontinuous processingdrug substanceflow chemistrymanufacturingsmall molecules

More Related Videos

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
07:06

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

12.1K
Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations
13:09

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Published on: January 4, 2018

39.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor
05:21

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.8K
Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
07:06

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

12.1K
Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations
13:09

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Published on: January 4, 2018

39.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Chemistry

Background:

  • Continuous processing offers significant technical and economic advantages over traditional batch methods for small molecule drug manufacture.
  • Pharmaceutical innovator companies are increasingly investing in continuous manufacturing technologies.
  • This review details the drivers, considerations, and challenges associated with continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define continuous processing and outline the reasons for its adoption in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
  • To summarize the current status of continuous drug substance manufacturing.
  • To highlight key implementation challenges and provide an outlook on the future prospects of continuous manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Expert review of current literature and industry practices.
  • Analysis of technical and economic drivers for continuous manufacturing adoption.
  • Case study insights from pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Lilly) on implementing continuous processing.

Main Results:

  • Continuous manufacturing presents compelling technical and economic benefits for pharmaceutical production.
  • Key challenges include regulatory hurdles, technology integration, and process control.
  • Despite challenges, continuous manufacturing is poised for significant growth in the pharmaceutical sector.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous manufacturing is a transformative approach for pharmaceutical production, offering enhanced efficiency and quality.
  • Overcoming implementation challenges is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • Investment in both stand-alone and linked continuous unit operations is warranted for future pharmaceutical manufacturing.