Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
Published on: April 25, 2025
Urea and impairment of the Gut-Kidney axis in Chronic Kidney Disease
Biagio Raffaele Di Iorio1, Stefania Marzocco2, Luca Nardone1
1UOC di Nefrologia, "A. Landolfi Hospital", Solofra, Avellino, Italy.
Abstract:
Gut microbiota can be considered a real organ coordinating health and wellness of our body. It is made of more than 100 trillions of microorganisms, thus about 3 times higher than the number of human body cells and more than 150 times than human genes containing 1000 different microbe species. It has been described a symbiotic relationship between gut and kidney, confirmed by several observations. This is a bi-directional relation with a mutual influence, even when kidney disease occurs, and consequent alterations of intestinal microbiota and production of uremic toxins, that in turn worsens kidney disease and its progression. Our review analyzes the components of gut-kidney axis and relative clinical consequences.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
Nephrons

