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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Age estimation approaches using cranial suture closure: A validation study on a Thai population.

Sittiporn Ruengdit1, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree2, Karnda Mekjaidee3

  • 1Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
|December 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cranial suture closure methods show significant inaccuracy for estimating age in Thai individuals, with errors ranging from 13-22 years. Inter-population variations necessitate tailored age estimation techniques for diverse ethnic groups.

Keywords:
Age estimationForensic anthropologyForensic scienceSuture closureThaisValidation study

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Bioarchaeology
  • Human Osteology

Background:

  • Cranial suture closure is a widely used, yet debated, method for skeletal age estimation.
  • Existing age estimation techniques have rarely been validated on Thai populations.
  • Understanding population-specific variations is crucial for accurate forensic age assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of established cranial suture closure methods in a Thai sample.
  • To quantify the error rates of specific age estimation techniques when applied to Thai crania.
  • To investigate inter-population variations in cranial suture closure patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Applied three traditional age estimation methods: Meindl and Lovejoy (1985), Acsádi and Nemeskéri (1970), and Mann (1991).
  • Analyzed 175 Thai dry crania to assess cranial suture closure.
  • Calculated bias and inaccuracy ranges for each method within the Thai sample.

Main Results:

  • All tested methods exhibited significant bias, overestimating age in younger individuals and underestimating in older adults.
  • Inaccuracy ranged approximately 13-22 years across the Meindl and Lovejoy, Acsádi and Nemeskéri, and Mann methods.
  • The Mann method showed high accuracy for older Thai males but was less reliable for females, confirming population-specific differences.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional cranial suture closure methods demonstrate considerable inaccuracy when applied to Thai populations.
  • Inter-population variation significantly impacts the reliability of these age estimation techniques.
  • Developing population-specific methods for Thai individuals is recommended for improved age assessment accuracy.