Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia-A Spectrum of Presentation in Children

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemias (AIHAs) are rare in children. They can be either a primary disease or secondary to/triggered by a host of other clinical conditions. We present five interesting cases of paediatric AIHA associated with infections (viral, bacterial and atypical) and autoimmune diseases {Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)}. The H1N1 influenza associated AIHA responded to oseltamivir and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IvIg) while the cases secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and pneumococcal bacteraemia required only treatment of the primary infection. AIHA with SLE responded well to corticosteroid therapy but the patient with AIH and AIHA succumbed to severe liver failure. Rest of the four cases with good response to therapy did not have any recurrence/relapse of AIHA during their follow up periods.