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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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Pneumococcal vaccination policy in Europe.

R G Pebody1, T Leino2, H Nohynek2

  • 1Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom.

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin
|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pneumococcal vaccination policies varied across Europe in 2003. While polysaccharide vaccines targeted older adults and at-risk groups, conjugate vaccines were mostly for specific pediatric risk groups, with few universal infant programs.

Keywords:
invasive pneumococcal diseasevaccines and immunisation

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) causes severe invasive diseases like meningitis and pneumonia, especially in vulnerable populations.
  • Existing pneumococcal vaccines include the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess current pneumococcal vaccination policies across European countries in 2003.
  • To understand the recommendations for polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire survey was distributed to 27 European countries (EU members, Switzerland, Norway, and accession countries) in 2003.
  • Data on PPV and PCV licensing, recommendations, and target populations were collected from 23 responding countries.

Main Results:

  • PPV was licensed in 22 countries and recommended in 21, primarily targeting individuals over 65 and other at-risk groups.
  • By 2003, 13 countries had PCV recommendations, mainly for specific pediatric risk groups (e.g., asplenia, HIV), not universal infant immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal vaccination strategies in Europe in 2003 were largely risk-group-based, with limited universal infant PCV programs.
  • Future policy decisions will consider disease burden, serotype replacement, herd immunity, dose schedules, and cost.