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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior
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Pheromone biosynthesis in bark beetles.

Claus Tittiger1, Gary J Blomquist1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pine bark beetles synthesize aggregation pheromones de novo, not from tree resin. This complex metabolic process is regulated by multiple signals, offering insights into insect chemical ecology.

Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Insect Chemical Ecology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pine bark beetles use aggregation pheromones for mass attacks on host trees.
  • Early hypotheses suggested pheromones were derived from ingested tree resin.
  • Current understanding indicates de novo synthesis of pheromone components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pine bark beetle pheromone synthesis.
  • To highlight the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved.
  • To discuss the regulatory mechanisms of pheromone production.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on insect pheromone biosynthesis.
  • Analysis of enzymatic pathways involved in de novo synthesis.
  • Examination of regulatory signals, including juvenile hormone III (JH III).

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Main Results:

  • Most pine bark beetle pheromone components are synthesized de novo.
  • Enzymes modify products from endogenous metabolic pathways for pheromone synthesis.
  • Pheromone production is intricately regulated by various signals, including JH III.

Conclusions:

  • Pine bark beetle pheromone synthesis is a specialized de novo metabolic process.
  • Enzymatic machinery and complex regulatory networks control pheromone production.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for managing bark beetle populations and protecting forests.