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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
Different indicators for postprocedural mitral stenosis caused by single- or multiple-clip implantation after
Yuji Itabashi1, Hiroto Utsunomiya2, Shunsuke Kubo3
1Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
Postprocedural mitral stenosis (MS) is a main limitation for MitraClip™ (Abbot Vascular, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) procedure. The purpose of this study was to detect the preprocedural predictors of high transmitral pressure gradient (TMPG) after MitraClip™ implantation, which indicated postprocedural mitral stenosis (MS).
Methods:
We studied 79 patients who were implanted with MitraClip™ in our institute. Before the procedure, mitral valve orifice area (MVOA), and anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) mitral annular diameters were measured at diastole using three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) data set. After the procedure, the mean TMPG was assessed using continuous-wave (CW) Doppler by periprocedural TEE.
Results:
Preprocedural MVOA, and AP and ML diameter of left ventricular (LV) inflow orifices were larger in patients with mean TMPG ≤4mmHg than in patients with TMPG >4mmHg after 1-and 2-clip implantation. The large MVOA and ML diameter of LV inflow orifice strongly correlated with the low TMPG after 1- and 2-clip implantation. As a result of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the preprocedural MVOA predicted the low postprocedural TMPG more accurately than the ML diameter of LV inflow orifice after 1-clip implantation either in the degenerative or functional mitral regurgitation (MR) patients. After 2-clip implantation, however, the preprocedural ML diameter of LV inflow orifice predicted it more accurately than the MVOA in the degenerative and functional MR patients.
Conclusions:
3D TEE derived MVOA predicts the postprocedural MS after 1-clip implantation, however, preprocedural ML diameter of LV inflow orifice is more useful to predict after 2-clip implantation.
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