Role of Oral Clonidine Premedication on Intra-operative Haemodynamics and PONV in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a gold standard surgical procedure for gallbladder operation. It causes altered haemodynamic responses due to pneumoperitoneum and surgical procedure also causes high incidence of postoperative nausea &vomiting. Clonidine has been shown to reduce intraoperative haemodynamic instability. This randomized prospective single blind clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of oral clonidine premedication for attenuation of haemodynamic responses associated with pneumoperitoneum & also reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea & vomiting and carried out in the department of Anaesthesia Analgesia and Intensive care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2010. Sixty adult patients of ASA physical status I & II scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystecomy were recruited for a prospective randomized single blind study. They were selected randomized into two equal groups, thirty in each group. Group A received no premedication & Group B (Clonidine) received clonidine (100μgm) orally 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Pulse rate, mean arterial pressure were recorded prior to induction, 2 minutes after endotracheal intubation, before pneumoperitoneum, 10 minutes & 20 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, 10 minutes after release of carbon dioxide & 10 minutes after extubation. Patients in Group B (Clonidine) maintained greater haemodynamic stability intraoperatively compare to Group A after intubation, during pneumoperitoneum and also extubation. Pulse rate & mean arterial pressure significantly varies in Group A compare with Group B (Clonidine) at different times of intraoperative period (p<0.05). Postoperative nausea & vomiting was significantly less in Group B (Clonidine). Premedication with oral clonidine attenuates the haemodynamic responses produced by pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and also significantly nausea and vomiting, results better patient satisfaction and cost effective.